Civil Procedure
5 articles
What Is Discoverable When an AI Agent Is the Actor?
When the conduct at issue was performed by an autonomous agent, the evidence is not email and testimony. It is system prompts, tool-call logs, model versions, and retrieval context—most of it ephemeral by default. What to preserve, what to request, and why the preservation duty attaches earlier than teams expect.
Can a California Court Reach the Company Behind an AI Agent?
An AI agent transacts with a Californian and something goes wrong. The agent is not a legal person, so the defendant has to be the company that deployed it—and that company may sit anywhere. After Briskin and Gelasio, the borderless-internet defense is gone in the Ninth Circuit. Here is how the express-aiming test applies when the thing doing the aiming chose its own counterparty.
The Borderless-Internet Defense Just Died in the Ninth Circuit
For twenty years, online operators beat lawsuits by insisting the internet is everywhere and nowhere. Briskin v. Shopify ended that in the Ninth Circuit, Gelasio v. Zafar showed it reaches a foreign NFT operation that took a Californian's money, and in May 2026 the Supreme Court declined an invitation to intervene. Here is what changed, how far it reaches, and the seam that is still open.
How to Recover Stolen Cryptocurrency: A California Legal Guide
Stolen crypto is recoverable where it touches the regulated financial system, and only while it sits there. A California litigator's honest guide to freezes, treble damages under Penal Code section 496, constructive trusts, the FBI lane, and the recovery scams that target victims twice.
How to Sue an Offshore, Foreign, or Anonymous Defendant in California
Foreign incorporation and offshore residence no longer put an internet operator beyond California's reach. A step-by-step guide to jurisdiction, service, and anonymous defendants, from the attorney who argued Gelasio v. Zafar in the Ninth Circuit.
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